Izina Amazon ni izina rizwi hafi ku isi hose bitewe no kumenyekana kw’iri shyamba rya Amazon ribamo ibintu bisa n’ibitangaza bigizwe n’ibimera, inyamaswa, ibiti ndetse n’abantu kandi rikaba nta bihe rigira nk’impeshyi, ubushyuhe cyanga itumba, rihorana imvura ibihe byose niyo mpamvu baryita ishyamba ry’imvura (rain forest.)
Ishyamba rya Amazon ryo mu bwoko bwa Tropican riboneka muri Amerika y’epfo, ariko benshi bazi ko ari iry’igihugu cya Brazili kuko aricyo gihugu gifiteho igice kinini nyamara siko bimeze kuko rikora ku bihugu 8 byo mu majyepfo y’Amerika aribyo, Brazili ifite 60%, Peru ifiteho 13%, Colombiya ifite 10%, naho ibihugu bindi bitandatu bigatwara 17% aribyo, Venezuela, Equator, Bolivia, Suriname na Guyana igihugu cyabyawe n’ubufaransa.
Iri shyamba rifite Km 2 5,500,000 Abashakashatsi bakaba bemeza ko ryaba rimaze imyaka miliyoni 55 ribayeho.
Iri shyamba bivugwa ko ryaba rifite ibiti birenga miliyari 400, bikaba bigizwe n’amoko y’ibiti agera ku bihumbi 160.000, rikaba kandi rikubye inshuro 17 igihugu cy’Ubwongereza cyifatanyije n’igihugu cya Irlande.
Mur’iri shyamba reka tubabwire ko bimwe mu bitangaza bihaboneka utapfa kubona ahandi ari nk’ubwoko bw’ibiti by’imbuto zitandukanye zigera ku bihumbi 3000, ariko igitangaje akaba aruko imbuto zikoreshwa ku isi ari ubwoko 200 gusa, ni ukuvuga ko ubundi bwoko bw’imbuto 2800 butarakoreshwa kuko butaboneka ahandi ku isi usibye muri Amazon gusa igishimishije akaba aruko izo mbuto zose usanga ari umwimerere (kimeza).
Ikindi wamenya kiba mur’iri shyamba kandi nuko harimo umugezi witiranwa n’iryo shyamba witwa Amazoni uricamo hagati, uyu ukaba ari umugezi wa kabiri ku isi mu burebure nyuma y’umugezi wa Nile ubarizwa ku mugabane wa Afrika aho ufite inkomoko muri Afrika y’iburasirazuba ugasoreza mu nyanja ya Mediterane.
Uyu mugezi wa Amazon nawo ugira ibitangaza byawo kuko igihe kimwe amazi ava iburasirazuba yerekeza iburengerazuba ikindi gihe ugasanga araturuka iburengerazuba yerekeza iburasirazuba.
Ishyamba rya Amazon ni ryo ritanga 20% y’umwuka mwiza abantu bakenera ku isi yose (oxygen) akaba ariyo mpamvu baryita ibihaha by’isi kuko n’ubushyuhe buboneka mu mwaka wose muri iryo shyamba bungana na dogere hagati ya 26-30 0.
Muri iri shyamba rya Amazon, niho hava 70% y’imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura abantu mu buryo bugezweho ituruka mu bimera bibarizwa muri iryo shyamba, ijanisha ry’abashakashatsi rigaragaza ko 1% y’ibimera aribyo bimaze gukoreshwa mu gukora iyo miti naho 99% bikaba bitarakoreshwa.
Iri shyamba kandi riratuwe, urisangamo amoko y’abantu batandukanye agera kuri 50 babamo guturuka mu binyejana byinshi, ariko bakaba baraje kumenyekana mu myaka ya vuba.
Mur’aba bantu harimo ubwoko bwiberamo butarabonana n’abandi bantu batuye isi kabone n’ab’ibihugu bihana imbibi n’iryo shyamba.
Muri iri shyamba kandi niho usanga inzoka nini ku isi zitwa “Green Anaconda” zigira amabara y’icyatsi kibisi avanze n’amabara y’umukara.
Muri Amazon kandi harimo ubwoko bw’ibikeri byitwa “poison dork frog” utasanga ahandi hose ku isi.
Ni ibikeri bifite ubumara bwica mu mugongo wabyo ku buryo uramutse ujombye ihwa kur’ubwo bumara warangiza ukijomba ku mubiri, iminota myinshi wamara utarapfa ni 10 gusa nyuma inzogera ikirenga.
Aha kandi mur’iri shyamba niho usanga inyamaswa yo mu bwoko bw’ingwe isa n’ikirura ariko ikirabura nka kiwi izwi nka “American Jaguar”.
Iyi nyamaswa akenshi yibera mu mashami y’ibiti birebire hejuru ikamenya koga kandi ikagira n’umuvuduko ukabije.
Ibisiga byo mu bwoko bwa Kagoma niho ubisanga, ibi bisiga babyita “Happy Eagles”. Ni ibisiga binini ugereranyije na Kagoma zisanzwe, babyise batyo kubera ko bigira imico myiza ku buryo bibana n’abantu nk’inkoko.
Haba kandi Ingona z’imikara zitwa “Black Caiman” nazo akaba ariho uzisanga, kuko nta handi ku isi wazibona usibye muri Amazon.
Mur’iri shyamba kandi binakekwa ko na ya nzoka yabayeho nini ku isi yo mu bwoko bwa TITANOBOA bibitse muri Colombiya yaba ariho yabaga.
N’ubwo ibimera bikenera urumuru rw’izuba ngo byere, ariko muri Amazon ho biratandukanye kuko urumuri ntabwo rugera ku bimera kubera amashami y’ibiti aba yarasakaye hejuru, ariko ibyo ntibibuza ibimera kumera no kwera.
Aha mur’iri shyamba kandi ngo niyo imvura iguye bitwara hafi iminota 10 ngo ikijojoba kigere hasi.
Ibiribwa byinshi abantu bo ku migabane yose bakoresha, biboneka muri iryo shyamba kandi ibyinshi muri byo ni kimeza, ibyo twavuga ni nk’ibitoki, urusenda, ikawa, ibigori, inyanya n’umuceri.
Iri shyamba riramutse ritemwe byasaba imyaka 40 ngo ribe rirangiye.
Nk’uko bitangazwa n’umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku bidukikije world wildlife fund (WWF) wemeza ko 20% by’ amazi meza abatuye isi bakoresha ariho aturuka.
Iri shyamba kandi rigira uruhare runini mu kugabanya ubushyuhe kuko 20% y’umwuka abantu bakenera iryo shyamba ariryo riwukora.
Mur’iri shyamba habarizwamo ibiremwa bisaga miliyoni 3, nukuvuga
inyamaswa, ibimera ndetse n’abaturage barikikije bagera kuri miliyoni 1.
Urugero nuko 60% by’igihugu cya Peru bitwikiriwe n’iryo shyamba.
N’ubwo bimeze bityo iryo shyamba naryo rihura n’ibibazo, cyane cyane nko gutwikwa nk’uko bitangazwa na leta ya Blaziri, kuva muri 2000 inkongi z’imiriro zigera ku bihumbi 75,000 zatwitse iryo shyamba, ariko iyibukwa cyane ni inkongi yo mu mwaka wa 2013 yatwitse ikangiza n’igice kinini cy’iryo shyamba.
Abantu baba muri iryo shyamba niho gakondo yabo kuko ngo ntibashobora kuba ahandi hose ku isi kabone n’iyo bahabwa ibya mirenge.
Tubibutse ko iri shyamba rikurikirwa mu bunini n’ishyamba ryo muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (RDC).
Gakwandi James